An enzyme has been isolated from chicory that functions as an invertase at low sucrose concentrations, but more and much more catalyzes the synthesis of isokestose at high concentrations. Working with genetic engineering solutions, invertase (e.g. from yeast) in transgenic plants (e.g. tobacco) can be brought to expression in many cell compartments.
In all cases this has the effect that the phloem is not loaded with sucrose and no sucrose can be transported from the leaves into the sinks. General, this leads to a serious impairment of the improvement of the transgenic plants. Invertase is an enzyme that is capable to break down table sugar into its two elements, dextrose and fructose.

This is considered component of the defense against pathogens. The affected tissues are far better supplied with carbohydrates with which they can meet the elevated energy needs for the defense. There are clear sequence homologies in between the plant invertase and plant and bacterial enzymes of the fructan metabolism.
In this compartment, the enzyme is identified in higher concentrations in seedlings, fruits, storage roots and meristems. There are also indications of a cytoplasmic invertase in some plants. Microorganisms also synthesize and excrete invertase. )Each pathogenic bacteria and fungi as nicely as the symbiotic fungi of the mycorrhiza use the host sucrose as a carbon and energy source. On the other hand, pathogen attack also induces the synthesis of an apoplastic invertase by the plant.
According to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLwkqyuB9us -how, the apoplastic invertase plays an crucial function in the phloem discharge in consumption or storage tissues. It splits the disaccharide sucrose transported in the phloem of the vascular bundles into the hexoses that can be taken up by the cells by means of cotransport with protons. By maintaining Visit Your URL sucrose gradient in between the phloem and sink, the invertase is an vital element in determining the sink capacity of a tissue or organ. Nonetheless, some plants can also take up sucrose straight into the cells by means of the plasma membrane. https://youtube.com/e/KLwkqyuB9us?app=desktop of vacuolar invertase is not known. But it most likely has a function in the metabolism of the intravacuolar saccharose.